- Discovering statistics using ibm spss statistics 5th edition software#
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1.6 In what way is data collected and measured? 1.6.1 What is the difference between a dependent and an independent variable? If the collected data contradicts the theory or hypothesis, then there is falsification. A hypothesis is an explanation for a certain phenomenon or a set of observations. You can only speak of a hypothesis when it is a statement that can be proven or rejected using scientific methods. Based on the theory a prediction can be made. This prediction based on a theory is called a hypothesis. The next step in the research process is to test a theory and to set hypotheses. Data must then be collected and it is important to set and define variables to measure what people want to investigate. By watching a certain program, one can have a observation about something that is going on in the world. For example, by watching the news on television, a research question may arise. One can find something to explain in many different ways. 1.4 How do people find something to explain? A variable is something that is measured to get an answer to the question of the researcher.įormulating a research question -> theory -> making hypotheses -> making predictions -> collecting data to test the predictions -> analyzing data. A researcher needs variables to collect this data. To see if the observation is correct, data must be collected. A researcher has a question that he or she would like to have answered.
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The first step is observation where something is observed that makes someone curious. The research process consists of a number of steps. 1.3 What does the research process look like? This means that one method is no better or worse than the other method. The qualitative and quantitative method are complementary to each other. Studies that use language as the basis for their research, are using a qualitative method for doing research. When studies use data based on figures, it is called a quantitative method. In addition to numbers, other forms of data may exist. A teacher forces a student to work with numbers because these numbers are a form of data and are part of the research process.
Discovering statistics using ibm spss statistics 5th edition software#
From initial theory through to regression, factor analysis and multilevel modelling, Andy Field animates statistics and SPSS software with his famously bizarre examples and activities. With an exciting new look, new characters to meet, and its unique combination of humour and step-by-step instruction, this award-winning book is the statistics lifesaver for everyone. read aloud - listen and follow along as the eBook reads to you.built-in study tools like highlights and more.
Discovering statistics using ibm spss statistics 5th edition Offline#
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